渤海油田氮气泡沫段塞调驱研究与应用     

李翔 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(1):57-60

结合渤海油田开采现状及海上作业条件要求,提出了氮气泡沫段塞调驱措施实现对老油田的挖潜控水。氮气泡沫段塞驱油实验结果表明,在总注入量相同条件下,段塞式注入泡沫好于连续注入方式,且3个泡沫段塞好于2个泡沫段塞的调驱效果,其中＂连续注入泡沫＂方案相比水驱提高采收率为19.7%,＂2个泡沫段塞＂方案提高23.5%,＂3个泡沫段塞＂方案提高31.7%;矿场应用表明,泡沫段塞式注入可以取得很好的降水增油效率,实验井组共计13口油井,其中12口逐步见效,见效率高达92.3%,平均日增油50 m3左右,累增油14 703 m3,展现了氮气泡沫段塞调驱的技术应用潜力。  相似文献   

厦门海域贝类养殖环境中的大肠菌群和异养细菌   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钟硕良  黄万红  陈月忠 《海洋科学进展》2012,30(3):357-368

2005年和2006年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)研究了厦门海域贝类养殖环境(海水、底质)和养殖贝类中大肠菌群(TC)和异养细菌(HB)数量分布及其在不同介质中数量之间的相关性,并对贝类养殖环境卫生质量进行了评价。结果表明:潮间带贝类养殖区TC数量较高,虾池和浅海贝类养殖区的较低;虾池贝类养殖区HB数量较高,潮间带和浅海贝类养殖区的较低。总体上,厦门海域贝类养殖环境中TC和HB数量分布呈同安湾湾内和西海域高,同安湾湾口和大嶝海域低的格局。大多数站位海水中TC和HB数量春季稍高于秋季,养殖贝类体中TC和HB数量秋季高于春季,底质中HB数量春、秋季无明显差异,TC数量则秋季稍高于春季。浅海和虾池贝类养殖区海水与贝类、底质与贝类中TC和HB的数量之间均成显著正相关。贝类养殖区底质中HB和TC数量,软泥>粉砂质软泥>粉砂,贝类体内器官组织中HB和TC数量,僧帽牡蛎:外套膜>外套腔液>内脏团;缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔:外套腔液>外套膜>内脏团。厦门海域贝类养殖环境受到TC和HB不同程度的污染,潮间带贝类养殖区和虾池贝类养殖区分别受到TC和HB的较重污染。  相似文献   

氨氮慢性胁迫对刺参免疫酶活性及热休克蛋白表达的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

臧元奇  田相利  董双林  于晓  钱圆 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(Z1):60-66

以初始体重为(50.50±1.67)g左右的刺参(Apostichopus Japonicus Selenka)为研究对象,研究了不同氨氮浓度对刺参体壁和体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及HSP70表达的影响。20d慢性毒性实验研究结果表明:(1)刺参体壁和体腔液ACP、AKP活性在0.51和2.04mg/L氨氮浓度下表现出先上升后降低的趋势,而在5.09、10.19和50.93mg/L下,则表现出降低的趋势;(2)不同浓度氨氮胁迫下,刺参体壁CAT活性均呈现降低趋势,且与氨氮浓度呈现显著的负相关性(P<0.05),而刺参体腔液CAT活性在0.51、5.09、10.19和50.93mg/L浓度下则均随取样时间而降低;(3)在氨氮浓度0.51～5.09mg/L时,刺参体壁和体腔液SOD活性均表现出不同程度的先增高后降低的趋势,而在高浓度下则与氮氮浓度显著负相关;(4)在氨氮胁迫下,刺参体壁、呼吸树、肠道和体腔液中HSP70表达量迅速升高,氨氮胁迫第5天时检测到达到最高;随后各组织HSP70的表达量缓慢降低,但在氨氮胁迫第20天时,各组织HSP70的表达量仍显著高于氨氮胁迫前的水平(P<0.05)。各组织中HSP70最高表达量与氨氮浓度呈现明显的正相关性。综合本研究结果可以看出,随着氨氮胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,刺参免疫酶活性趋于降低,同时机体清除自由基的能力下降,机体非特异性免疫防御系统遭到损伤。而HSP70表达量维持在较高水平,可能对于增强机体的抗逆性具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

丹江中游典型小流域土壤总氮的空间分布   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

徐国策  李占斌  李鹏  黄萍萍  龙菲菲 《地理学报》2012,67(11):1547-1555

在丹江鹦鹉沟小流域, 利用网格状取样和典型样地取样相结合的方法, 进行土样采集, 共计采样点268 个, 测定土壤0~40 cm的总氮含量。应用传统统计学和地统计学的方法, 对不同深度下土壤总氮含量进行分析。结果表明:土壤总氮含量随土壤深度的增加而降低, 不同土层间土壤总氮含量存在显著差异(P < 0.01), 0~10 cm (A1)、10~20 cm (A2) 和20~40cm (A3) 土壤总氮含量平均值分别为0.85、0.47 和0.30 g/kg。3 个土层下, 总氮的最优模型均为线性模型, 具有中等空间相关性。经Kriging 插值分析, 不同土层下土壤总氮的空间分布呈带状格局。ANOVA 分析表明A1 和A2 层不同土地利用下土壤总氮含量存在显著差异(P <0.05), 不同土层下土壤总氮在不同坡度均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。农地不同土层下土壤总氮含量与海拔、坡度和坡向均呈显著相关性(P < 0.01)。研究区0~40 cm土壤总氮储量为562.37t, 不同土地利用下0~40 cm 每平方米土壤总氮含量表现为林地>农地>草地, 分别为0.343、0.299 和0.289 kg/m²。  相似文献   

长江口外海域沉积物中有机物的来源及分布   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高建华  汪亚平  潘少明  张瑞  李军  白风龙 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(1):46-58

The spatial distribution patterns of total organic carbon and total nitrogen show significant correlations with currents of the East China Sea Shelf. Corresponding to distributions of these currents, the study area could be divided into four different parts. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in sediments show linear correlations with mean grain size, respectively, thus ＂grain size effect＂ is an important factor that influences their distributions. C/N ratios can reflect source information of organic matter to a certain degree. In contrast, nitrogen stable isotope shows different spatial distribution patterns with C/N and organic carbon stable isotope, according to their relationships and regional distributions. The highest contribution （up to 50%） of terrestrial organic carbon appears near the Changjiang Estuary with isolines projecting towards northeast, indicating the influence of the Changjiang dilution water. Terrestrial particulate organic matter suffers from effects of diagenesis, benthos and incessant inputting of dead organic matter of plankton, after depositing in seabed. Therefore, the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon to particulate organic matter is obviously greater than that to organic matter in sediments in the same place.  相似文献   

Uptake of nitrate and ammonium,and distribution of related variables,in the upwelled plume of western Cook Strait/Taranaki Bight,New Zealand     

Anthony B. Viner  Vaughan H. Wilkinson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):565-576

To distinguish the manner of spread of upwelling effects in the Cook Strait/Taranaki Bight (New Zealand) region, nitrogen uptake and the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll a are described. NO3 concentrations were closely linked to upwelled water, but this was distributed irregularly and not necessarily with the upwelling focus. NH4, SRP, and chlorophyll a showed varying degrees of association with recycling processes, but linear correlations were not present. NO3 uptake was strongly inhibited by ambient NH4, but not completely. There was no evidence of either N or P limitation of total planktonic biomass, and there was indirect evidence from C/N uptake and cellular ratios that a high growth rate prevailed. N uptake increased with irradiance (= decreasing depth) similar to photosynthesis, but without high light inhibition, and could be related to light by a simple equation. The irregularity of distribution of features suggests that future modelling of the phytoplankton biomass in the region could benefit from analysis of event occurrence rather than of evenly progressive changes.  相似文献   

Review of Actinia,isaci'inia,and Cnidopus (Cnidama: Anthozoa) in New Zealand     

J. R. Ottaway 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):53-61

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Further records of Craspedacusta sowerbyi lankester in north island lakes (note)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

G. R. Fish 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):573-574

Collections of mature medusae from Lake Rotoiti proved all to be male and provide further evidence that the origin of the species in New Zealand was from a very limited introduction.  相似文献   

Nursery grounds of Tarakihi (Teleostei: Cheilodactylidae) around New Zealand     

C. M. Vooren 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):121-158

Nursery grounds of the tarakihi Cheilodactylus macropterus (Bloch & Schneider) were discovered in 1963–72 mainly off the south‐western coast of the North Island, in Tasman Bay, along the entire eastern coast of the South Island, and around the Chatham Islands. They occurred at depths of 20–100 m, and mostly between 10 km and 30 km from shore. The tarakihi nurseries had a dense and varied invertebrate bemthic epifauna dominated by sponges and small corals. Few signs of nurseries were found in. other New Zealand waters, in spite of the existence of major spawning grounds there. It is not known with which spawning grounds the various nursery grounds are linked.

The Tasman Bay nursery ground is 18–33 km wide and about 75 km long, with a surface area of about 2000 km². There is a rich demersal fish fauna (37 species were recorded) dominated by tarakihi, red gurnard Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson & Garnot), snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Bloch & Schneider), and leathei'iacket Novodon convexirostris (Guenther). The young tarakihi occur at depths of 20–45 m and concentrate during winter in the warmer deeper water. They first appear in trawl catches in summer, towards the end of their first year (assumed birthdate is 1 March), and stay on the nursery until the age of 3 y. They occur in the deeper water off the nursery during their fourth and fifth year and depart during their sixth year, possibly for the spawning grounds off the west coast of the South Island. The mean lengths at the ages of 15, 27, and 39 months were 12.6, 18.0, and 24.0 cm respectively in 1970. There was some variation in growth rate within the nursery ground, but the age groups could nevertheless be recognised easily from, length frequency modes. Monthly modal lengths showed that growth slows down in winter. Evidence for fluctuations in year class strength was found; year classes 1966 and 1969 were weak and year class 1968 was strong.

The vulnerability of tarakihi less than 4y old to commercial New Zealand trawl gear is low, and the local fishing fleets do no serious damage to the habitat on the nursery grounds. However, a large part of the tarakihi nursery grounds off the east coast of the South Island lies outside the territorial fishing zone. Intensive fishing on these grounds by large foreign vessels using heavy trawl gear could have an adverse effect on the habitat of the young tarakihi in this region.  相似文献   

Effect of jet boats on salmon eggs     

A.J. Sutherland  D.G. Ogle 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):273-282

The passage of jet boats through spawning areas can kill salmon eggs buried in the river bed. By using a jet boat on the Ashley River the pressure gradients created in a redd were determined. At the maximum boat speed investigated (11 m.s^‐1) gradients up to 9.32 kPa.m^‐1 were recorded. The induced water velocities through the gravel were then estimated from the equation of motion and reproduced in a gravel‐filled tube in the laboratory. For the test conditions discharge velocities ranged from 0.18–0.3 m.s‐¹. Studies of the effect of these flows on salmon eggs revealed fatality rates of up to 40% at their most critical stage on the ninth day of development.  相似文献